Regardless of how large or complex a search mission becomes, the proper initial actions are identical and crucial to success. Effective initial actions can maximize subject survivability and detection, minimize cost and establish a firm foundation for those incidents that become unusually complex.
A search is defined in general terms as the act of searching for, rescuing or recovering by means of ground, air and water search any person who becomes lost, trapped, injured or killed while outdoors or as a result of a natural or man made disaster.
The definition for CIRO purposes also includes the search for evidence (CSI).
CIRO Search Managers
The role and overall mandate of the CIRO in relation to the search of lost persons is to investigate and coordinate all activity associated with lost and missing persons. That role of managing a formal search is done by a person called a Search Manager.
Background
The CIRO Search Management Program started in 1996 to meet operational and community needs in the city of Red Deer, Alberta when the RDSAR (Red Deer Search & Rescue Team) begun.
Search Managers are high experienced rescue operators who are trained and certified in Search and Rescue Management, which is based on a scientific and lost person profiling approach. Search Managers work in various areas of the rescue team and have search management as an additional duty.
Search Managers are support services to most CIRO operations. They fall under the responsibility of the Team Leader. Search Managers assume overall control of Search and Rescue operations, and liaise with the incident commander during an operation.
Search Managers are high experienced rescue operators who are trained and certified in Search and Rescue Management, which is based on a scientific and lost person profiling approach. Search Managers work in various areas of the rescue team and have search management as an additional duty.
Search Managers are support services to most CIRO operations. They fall under the responsibility of the Team Leader. Search Managers assume overall control of Search and Rescue operations, and liaise with the incident commander during an operation.
Key factors for a successful search
Expertise
Formalized Operational/Strategic Processes
Resources
Networking/Partnerships
Through investigations and subject background
Rescue management
Anyone can learn to lead a rescue operation by using a simple model.
The model can also be used as a tool to build an effective evacuation plan for a building or an area. The following items are not necessarily a chronological sequence but a guideline for a rescue operation, where each items can be interchanged or omitted depending on the accidents extent.
Formalized Operational/Strategic Processes
Resources
Networking/Partnerships
Through investigations and subject background
Rescue management
Anyone can learn to lead a rescue operation by using a simple model.
The model can also be used as a tool to build an effective evacuation plan for a building or an area. The following items are not necessarily a chronological sequence but a guideline for a rescue operation, where each items can be interchanged or omitted depending on the accidents extent.
Make an overview
Any rescue operation big or small always begins with the leader creates an overview. First of all, the leader must ensure that he avoid to be injured himself. In addition, the leader make an overview of what has happened, how many people are injured, how big is the damages on the buildings or the area and other possible hazards. These details should later also be used when calling 9-1-1 (US) or 1-1-2 (Europe).
Any rescue operation big or small always begins with the leader creates an overview. First of all, the leader must ensure that he avoid to be injured himself. In addition, the leader make an overview of what has happened, how many people are injured, how big is the damages on the buildings or the area and other possible hazards. These details should later also be used when calling 9-1-1 (US) or 1-1-2 (Europe).
Stop the accident / decrease the accidents development
The leader must try to ensure that the accident do not develop. A major fire can probably not be extinguished, but it is possible to ensure a slower diffusion by closing windows and doors to reduce the oxygen flow.
The leader must try to ensure that the accident do not develop. A major fire can probably not be extinguished, but it is possible to ensure a slower diffusion by closing windows and doors to reduce the oxygen flow.
Acting / paralyzed
Major accidents has to be solved by a "team" and the leader must therefore determine which of the bystanders, he can use in the rescue operation.
Based on each bystanders reaction to the accident, we can put the bystanders into the following four categories:
Major accidents has to be solved by a "team" and the leader must therefore determine which of the bystanders, he can use in the rescue operation.
Based on each bystanders reaction to the accident, we can put the bystanders into the following four categories:
a) Those who exhibit an appropriate behavior
These are those who can lead the entire or a part of the rescue operation.
These are those who can lead the entire or a part of the rescue operation.
b) Those who respond by being shortly paralyzed
Typically people, who have never learned first aid or where it is a long time ago
since they have been on a first aid training course. But these people are also characterized by that they will perform a subtask in the rescue operation, if it
is exactly defined what to do.
Typically people, who have never learned first aid or where it is a long time ago
since they have been on a first aid training course. But these people are also characterized by that they will perform a subtask in the rescue operation, if it
is exactly defined what to do.
c) Those who will respond whit greater psychological reactions
d) Those who respond so violently that they lose the control.
The last two groups (c and d) should not participate in the rescue operation. The successful leader will use the people from group b to perform psychological first aid to these two groups.
The management of different tasks in the rescue operation
In major accidents, there are many tasks to be solved depending on the accidents type and extent. eg. evacuation, calling 9-1-1 (US) / 1-1-2 (Europe), treatment of' injuries, delegating responsibility to people to manage the assembly points, finding access routes for emergency vehicles, etc.. The best leader is the one who enters a step backwards, keeps the general view and place other people/bystanders into different "taskforces".
In major accidents, there are many tasks to be solved depending on the accidents type and extent. eg. evacuation, calling 9-1-1 (US) / 1-1-2 (Europe), treatment of' injuries, delegating responsibility to people to manage the assembly points, finding access routes for emergency vehicles, etc.. The best leader is the one who enters a step backwards, keeps the general view and place other people/bystanders into different "taskforces".
Prioritizing the injured people
If it is necessary to evacuate the building or area, the first priority is to find out who can be evacuated based on how much injured each person is. We can be in a situation where someone not can be moved without danger for the taskforce.
Only when we have placed the injured people safely in the assembly area, we can prioritize the injured people, and here we prioritize the casualties with life-threatening injuries first.
If it is necessary to evacuate the building or area, the first priority is to find out who can be evacuated based on how much injured each person is. We can be in a situation where someone not can be moved without danger for the taskforce.
Only when we have placed the injured people safely in the assembly area, we can prioritize the injured people, and here we prioritize the casualties with life-threatening injuries first.
Roads for rescue vehicles / escape routes
The leader must also have an idea of how the rescue vehicles are coming to the burning building, injured area, assembly points for injured people. He must also have en idea of which escape routes to be used through the building/area by evacuating to the assembly points.
The leader must also have an idea of how the rescue vehicles are coming to the burning building, injured area, assembly points for injured people. He must also have en idea of which escape routes to be used through the building/area by evacuating to the assembly points.
Assembly points for evacuated people
By evacuation the leader must have an idea of, where he will place the assembly points, where it is safe to be until the rescue vehicles arrive, and where the further first aid can be implemented.
By evacuation the leader must have an idea of, where he will place the assembly points, where it is safe to be until the rescue vehicles arrive, and where the further first aid can be implemented.
Psychological first aid
During the entire rescue operation psychological first aid must be given all time and as much as possible. After the rescue operation should all have psychological first aid - also the leaders. Here it can be necessary with a psychological debriefing by a psychologist.
During the entire rescue operation psychological first aid must be given all time and as much as possible. After the rescue operation should all have psychological first aid - also the leaders. Here it can be necessary with a psychological debriefing by a psychologist.
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